Choosing the right screwdriver set means understanding the tip shapes you will encounter most often. Phillips, slotted, square (Robertson), hex, and six-lobe (often called star) tips each serve a different fastener, and using the wrong tip can damage the screw or the tool. This guide explains the differences between common tip types, when to use a multi-bit driver versus dedicated screwdrivers, what to look for in precision sets for electronics and glasses, and how to stay safe when working near electricity.

Common Screwdriver Tip Types

Most screwdriver sets include a mix of the following tip styles. Each one matches a specific screw head shape, and the fit between tip and screw is critical for proper torque transfer and to avoid cam-out (the tip slipping out of the screw head).

Slotted (Flathead)

The slotted tip, also called a flathead, is the oldest and simplest design. It fits into a single straight slot on the screw. While still common in electrical outlets, switch plates, and some wood screws, slotted screws are prone to cam-out because the driver can easily slip sideways. For best results, choose a tip that fills the slot in both width and depth. A tip that is too narrow will damage the slot edges.

Phillips

The Phillips tip has a cross-shaped recess with tapered, slightly rounded flanks. Phillips drivers tend to cam out under high torque, so press firmly and use the correct size. Phillips screws are very common in construction, appliances, and automotive work. The tip is identified by size numbers: #0, #1, #2, and #3, with #2 being the most common for general use. Always match the driver size to the screw head; a #2 tip in a #1 screw will strip the head.

Square (Robertson)

The square recess, known as Robertson, provides a very secure fit with little cam-out. The square shape allows the driver to grip the screw firmly, making it popular in woodworking, decking, and some automotive applications. Square-drive screws are common in Canada and increasingly used elsewhere. The tip sizes are typically numbered #0 through #3. Because the fit is tight, the driver can often hold the screw without needing a magnetic tip.

Hex (Hexagonal)

Hex tips, also called Allen keys when used in a L-shaped wrench, are common in furniture assembly, bicycles, and machinery. The six-sided recess provides good torque transfer and resists cam-out. Hex drivers come in metric and SAE sizes. A ball-end hex driver can be inserted at an angle, which is useful in tight spaces, but it provides less torque than a straight hex tip.

Six-Lobe (Star)

The six-lobe tip, often referred to as a star, has a six-pointed star shape. This design allows very high torque with virtually no cam-out, because the driver engages the entire recess. Six-lobe fasteners are common in automotive, electronics, and high-torque applications. Sizes range from T1 (very small) to T100 (large), with T10, T15, T20, and T25 being common in general use. A variation called tamper-resistant six-lobe has a small pin in the center of the recess, requiring a matching driver with a hole.

Phillips vs. Similar Cross-Head Types

Not all cross-shaped screwdrivers are Phillips. A similar-looking design is the Pozidriv (often spelled Pozidrive). Pozidriv has four additional smaller cross lines between the main slots, making it less prone to cam-out than Phillips. Using a Phillips driver in a Pozidriv screw will cause poor fit and likely damage the screw head. Always check the screw head closely: if you see small radial lines between the main cross slots, it is Pozidriv. For most home and DIY work, Phillips is far more common, but if you encounter European cabinetry or certain deck screws, you may need a Pozidriv driver.

Another cross-head variant is the Frearson (also called Reed and Prince), which has a sharp, pointed recess and a single driver size for all screw sizes. It is rare today but appears in some older marine hardware. Using a Phillips driver in a Frearson screw will not fit properly and can strip the recess.

Multi-Bit Drivers vs. Dedicated Screwdrivers

A multi-bit screwdriver (often called a ratcheting or interchangeable-bit driver) holds several bits in the handle or shaft. This design saves space and weight, making it convenient for toolboxes, tool belts, and quick jobs. Many multi-bit drivers include a ratchet mechanism that lets you turn the screw without repositioning your hand.

Dedicated screwdrivers, with a permanently attached tip, offer more rigidity and better torque transfer. The shaft is usually longer and stronger, and the handle is optimized for that specific tip size. For heavy-duty work, such as driving large screws into wood or metal, a dedicated screwdriver is often more effective. For light to medium tasks, a quality multi-bit driver with a locking bit holder works well.

Consider keeping a dedicated set of the most common sizes (#2 Phillips, #1 Phillips, 1/4-inch slotted, etc.) for frequent use, and a multi-bit driver for occasional or portable use. Some multi-bit drivers accept standard 1/4-inch hex bits, which are widely available and can be replaced when worn.

Insulated Screwdrivers for Electrical Work

If you work on or near live electrical circuits, insulated screwdrivers are a critical safety tool. These screwdrivers have a thick, non-conductive coating (usually plastic or rubber) over the shaft, leaving only the tip exposed. They are tested and rated for a specific voltage, such as 1000 volts AC. However, no insulated tool is a substitute for shutting off the power. Always turn off the circuit breaker or remove the fuse before working on wiring. Use insulated screwdrivers as a secondary layer of protection in case power is accidentally restored.

Inspect insulated screwdrivers regularly for cracks, cuts, or wear in the coating. If the insulation is damaged, replace the tool immediately. Never use a standard screwdriver on live circuits; the risk of electric shock or short circuit is too high.

Precision Screwdriver Sets

Precision screwdrivers are designed for small fasteners found in electronics, eyeglasses, watches, and hobby models. They have slim handles and small tips, typically sizes #000, #00, #0, and #1 for Phillips, and 1.0mm to 2.5mm for slotted. Hex and six-lobe tips are also common in precision sets for electronics repair.

Look for a set that includes a rotating cap on the handle, which allows you to apply steady pressure with your palm while turning the shaft with your fingers. A magnetic tip is helpful for holding tiny screws, but be careful around sensitive electronics where magnetism could damage components. Some precision sets include a small storage case with labeled slots to keep bits organized.

For eyeglass repair, a set with a very fine slotted tip (around 1.2mm) and a small Phillips #0 is usually sufficient. For laptop or smartphone repair, you will likely need Phillips #00 and #000, as well as small six-lobe (T5, T6) and pentalobe (a five-lobe shape used in some devices) drivers.

Handle Features and Grip

The handle of a screwdriver affects comfort, control, and torque. Common handle materials include:

  • Hard plastic – Durable and affordable, but can be slippery when oily or wet.
  • Rubber or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) overmold – Provides a soft, non-slip grip that reduces hand fatigue. Many professional-grade drivers use this construction.
  • Wood – Traditional and comfortable, but less common in modern sets.

Handle shape also matters. A rounded handle with a large diameter gives more torque, while a hexagonal or fluted shape prevents rolling on a workbench. Some handles have a flat spot or a hole for hanging. For precision work, a thin handle with a rotating cap allows fine control.

Magnetic Tips

Many screwdrivers have a magnetized tip that holds the screw in place, making it easier to start a screw in a tight spot. This is especially useful for screws in recessed holes or overhead work. However, magnetism can interfere with sensitive electronics and magnetic storage media (like old hard drives). You can demagnetize a tip by passing it through a demagnetizer or by using the opposite end of a magnetizer tool. Some screwdriver sets include a separate magnetizer/demagnetizer.

For precision work on electronics, consider using a non-magnetic driver or a set with removable bits that you can demagnetize as needed. Many precision sets come with a small magnetizer tool in the case.

Common Buying Mistakes

  • Ignoring tip-to-screw fit – Using a #1 Phillips driver on a #2 screw will strip the head. Always match the tip size to the screw recess.
  • Buying a set with too many rarely used sizes – A large set may include obscure tip types you will never need. Focus on the sizes you encounter most often: #2 Phillips, #1 Phillips, 1/4-inch slotted, #2 square, T15 and T20 six-lobe, and 4mm and 5mm hex.
  • Choosing poor handle ergonomics – A handle that is too small or too slippery will cause discomfort and reduce control. Try holding the screwdriver before buying if possible.
  • Overlooking insulated tools for electrical work – Using a standard screwdriver on a live circuit is dangerous. If you do any electrical work, invest in a set of insulated drivers rated for the voltage you may encounter.
  • Using screwdrivers as pry bars or chisels – Screwdrivers are not designed for prying, scraping, or chiseling. Doing so can snap the tip, damage the handle, or cause injury. Use a proper pry bar, scraper, or chisel for those tasks.

Care, Cleaning and Upkeep

Keep your screwdrivers clean and dry to prevent rust and maintain grip. Wipe off grease, oil, or dirt after each use. For stubborn residue, use a cloth with a mild solvent, then dry thoroughly. Store screwdrivers in a tool roll, drawer organizer, or wall rack to protect the tips from impact and to keep them organized.

Check tips regularly for wear. A worn Phillips tip will cam out more easily; a worn slotted tip will be rounded and may slip. If a tip is damaged, replace the screwdriver or the bit. For multi-bit drivers, replace worn bits with new ones of the same size and type.

Do not use screwdrivers as chisels, punches, or pry bars. The hardened steel tip can chip or break, sending sharp fragments flying. Always use the correct tool for the job.

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FAQ

What is the difference between Phillips and Pozidriv?

Phillips has a cross-shaped recess with tapered flanks that tends to cam out under high torque. Pozidriv has four additional small cross lines between the main slots and is designed to reduce cam-out. Using a Phillips driver in a Pozidriv screw will cause poor fit and likely strip the head. Check the screw head for the extra lines to identify Pozidriv.

Can I use a hex driver in a six-lobe screw?

No, hex and six-lobe (star) are different shapes. A hex driver will not fit properly in a six-lobe recess and will damage the screw. Always use the correct tip type for the fastener.

Are insulated screwdrivers a substitute for turning off power?

No. Insulated screwdrivers provide a secondary layer of protection, but you must always turn off the power at the breaker or remove the fuse before working on electrical circuits. Never rely solely on insulated tools for safety.

How do I know which tip size to use for a Phillips screw?

Match the driver number to the screw head. A #2 Phillips driver fits most common screws found in construction and appliances. A #1 fits smaller screws (often in electronics or light fixtures), and #0 or #000 fits tiny screws in electronics and eyeglasses. If the driver wobbles or does not seat fully, try a different size.

What should I look for in a precision screwdriver set?

Look for a set with a range of small Phillips (#000, #00, #0, #1), slotted (1.0mm to 2.5mm), and common six-lobe (T5, T6, T8) tips. A rotating cap on the handle helps with control. A magnetic tip is useful but can be demagnetized if needed. A sturdy case keeps bits organized.

Choosing the right screwdriver set depends on the work you do most often. For general household repairs, a set with Phillips, slotted, square, hex, and six-lobe tips in the most common sizes will cover nearly every fastener. Add a multi-bit driver for convenience and a precision set for electronics. Always prioritize safety by using insulated tools for electrical work and never using screwdrivers as pry bars or chisels. With proper care and the right tip fit, a good screwdriver set will last for many projects.